According to modern electron theory, all matter is composed of three fundamental particles that are invisible to the naked eye: neutrons, protons, and electrons. An electron in copper is no different from an electron in water or any other element. Similarly, neutrons and protons from various atoms are identical in nature. So why do various elements behave differently?
The reason for this is the difference in the arrangement of electrons, protons, and neutrons that make up each atom. Atoms or molecules form matter, and the different arrangements of these particles cause variations in their inter atomic attraction or kinetic energies. Variations in the attractions and kinetic energies among molecules result in different states of matter, such as solids, liquids, and gases